Most modern cars that also have high compression engines run best on premium fuel. But, they have electronic knock sensors that can detect detonation before a person can even hear it, and they automatically retard the timing so that the car can run and the engine won't be destroyed on fuel of lower octane. The engine won't produce as many HP and the mileage will be poorer, but the car will run. If a new car or truck buyer plans to run a higher-performance engine strictly on regular-grade fuel, they may want to save some bucks by buying the vehicle with one of the lower-performance engine options for it (designed to run on regular fuel), because the fuel choice will be limiting the HP anyway.
All properly-tuned automobiles operating with a mix of ethanol and gasoline will get poorer mileage than the same car run on 100% gasoline. Ethanol just has less energy per gallon than does gasoline, so it takes more of it to push the car the same distance. Same for a mix of gasoline and ethanol.
I know a guy whose airplane was extensively damaged by using ethanol, and another person with a motorcycle that was also damaged. In these cases, it was not an engine problem, but the fuel tanks were made of a fiberglass/epoxy matrix that was designed for use with gasoline, but even 10% ethanol dissolved the epoxy. And there were many problems with fuel hoses, gaskets, carb floats, etc in older engines designed for use with gasoline. There's just no reason to expect that a rubber/polymer designed specifically to tolerate gasoline will also work well with alcohol. Newer engines and fuel systems that were designed after the ethanol adulteration began should be able to work with the mix, though in many cases it's still not a happy situation: They can tolerate 10% for the expected service life of the vehicle (whatever that is--I keep my vehicles a long time), but go to 15% and the clock starts ticking faster.
Hopefully there will soon be legislative relief to this situation.