Yes, your debit card is an ATM card and yes, you will be charged fees - check with your bank on their charges. Look at the back of the card for the networks that your card will work on and match that at the ATM machine if possible - will minimize the fees possibly.
Think ahead as to how much youwill need so you don't need to worry about juggling the money and the spread with the conversions - also, use your credit card as much as possible - they use handheld machiens to run your credit card right in front of you in Europe - no issues with going into the back room and possibly stealing the number--the receipt prints out on the handheld, you sign it and go - again your credit card company may put a fee on, but you'll get the best exchange rate.
Lastly, if you have an overcontrolling bank (they've hired a security firm to protect themselves from fraudulent charges - PenFed is one of them), tell them you will be traveling in Europe so they don't stop the credit charge thinking someone has stolen your card number - I had that unfortunate experience last year and was reduced to cash machines between France, Germany and Switzerland.....and then a collect call to the security company explaining my situation.....arghhh.
Have a great trip!