There's a conversion chart at IRS site, that shows what it is allowable. Dad's situation is allowable. Each situation may be different in how the custodians handle the process. Vanguard the 401 custodian is not the same entity as Vanguard the Roth custodian.
What I got from the article and others is that you should convert 401(k) to IRA. Then, the IRA to Roth conversion becomes easier. I haven't done this, so can't speak about the specifics.
And I agree that you should always call Vanguard twice (at least) when things are complicated.
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