Everybody pays level 1 withholding taxes on dividends.
Using Ireland domiciled ETFs USA-NRAs pay 15% on USA equity dividends. 7.5% on non-USA developed equity dividends, and 11.2% on EM equity dividends.
Using USA domiciled ETFs a USA person pays 0% on USA equity dividends. Non-USA and EMs are the same.
If a USA person holds these USA domiciled non-USA equities in a taxable account, he can get a partial refund of these taxes by getting a "qualified dividend tax credit".
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KISS & STC.
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