This binary, simplistic question drives me crazy. It is posed as if there only exists poverty and work-til-death OR a $1 million+++ portfolio of 60%stocks and 40% bonds, which grows at historic rates and from which all expenses must come, sustainably, for life. Sorry, OP. You mean well but that is a faulty, limiting question, because there are unlimited creative ways to stretch a given portfolio or even lack of a portfolio, such as:
Working a bit but at something more enjoyable. If both members of a couple work part time, the total income starts looking like the equivalent of one small salary.
Moving to a lower cost of living area or even country. A person can buy a condo in Florida in certain older but perfectly fine 55+ communities with plenty of amenities for $75k or so, as my DF has. Panama is not far and has all kinds of programs to welcome American retirees affordably.
Downsizing the house and either buying or renting the new place, depending on what’s cheaper overall.
Renting out all or part of the house, or buying a duplex and living in half.
Significantly changing up one’s consumption and spending. If you’re in debt with anything besides a low interest mortgage, treat it like an emergency and get together an aggressive plan to get rid of it ASAP so that you have more to spend on regular stuff. After that, live on a cash basis.
Study actual Social Security experts, not online fear mongers, and have some confidence that the most popular federal program in existence will continue to exist just fine and will be there to supplement one’s income someday. Go on social security.gov, figure out your projected SS income, then multiply that amount by 25. Together with what you have now, it’s likely to make your equivalent portfolio/net worth quite a lot rosier.
Unless you are the rare individual who has both high financial literacy and emotional control, don’t try to DIY your investments. Get a solid, professional plan together with a planner who can be trusted, like at Vanguard Personal Advisor Services or Schwab or Fidelity. We have and my mother has and we wouldn’t do anything else. Once you have ALL of your goals, ALL of your assets and ALL of your income, present and future, plugged into their expensive, proprietary software, your portfolio spending picture is likely to look one heck of a lot better, because it is more surgically suited to you, than some blunt tool “4% Rule” or other. Go with one of those pros above regarding your specific, unique situation and you might be delighted.
Some people are blessed with a pension. Do the same 25x drill with that income as in the SS point above.
Anyway, you get the picture. If there’s a strong enough will, there’s likely a way to get what you can from whatever portfolio you have and the rest from elsewhere. Ask my 81 year old mother and her spouse, whose portfolio is $435,000, live in a safe, modest condo community, drive a 3 year old Mercedes and can’t even spend all of their income.