I'd skip Salty's and go to Marination instead, which is right at the dock. (
http://marinationmobile.com/#about).
The water taxi is a nice ride, especially when the weather is nice. There's also a free shuttle that goes from the pier to either Alki or West Seattle (opposite directions).
Alki can be a nice place to visit and there are a few good restaurants there. If you go to Alki, I'd recommend Cactus, which serves Southwestern/Mexican food and somebody else mentioned Duke's, which is also on Alki.
I don't recall when you'll be here, but Alki also has beach volleyball at times, which can be fun to watch. Not to mention great views of the city, especially at night.
