When you use a data-only e-sim, can someone still call you on your phone? They'd use your normal US number?
So far, we've used T-mobile's international roaming plan at $50/mo and that has worked very well for us.
DW and I have modern Android that support a physical SIM plus e-SIM. We did exactly what you ask with our Consumer Cellular plan.
Here's how:
- Called Consumer Cellular and specifically disabled international data roaming
- Verified that our international calling and texting was enabled
- Installed the Airalo ahead of time, then enabled it when we landed at the Athens airport
Boom, we had international calling to help arrange some local transportation, using our regular number. When we needed to surf the web, it used the Airalo. We had peace of mind that family could call and get us for emergency purposes. Likewise, we had our regular phone to call for help if required.
Consumer Cellular charged us a few cents for each international text, and about 8 cents per minute for calls. Same number. I called my sister back to the US simply adding the +1 in front. I called locally using the country code to arrange transportation and wake up the hotel clerk during siesta.

(Just kidding, she took a break and locked the place up, but gave us instructions to get in.)
All said and done, the two of us spent about $6 on calls and texts on a 12 day trip. We kept our calls to business, not chatting. We surfed freely and used a few GBs of data.
There was one downside to this plan: texts with photos were rejected.
BTW, I noticed that Consumer Cellular have dropped their international rates since last year. Texts are down to 1 penny. Roaming data is less than $8/Gb. If you are careful, this may work OK. We don't travel internationally enough to get a plan that includes it in a monthly fee. It would be a waste of money for us.
One last tip: I recommend you enter phone numbers in your phone using the international standard, i.e. for your USA numbers, enter the "+1" like "+1-616-345-6789". When you are overseas, just press call and it works seamlessly. It still works locally.