Anecdotal info : My parents are both on Medicare. Mom went into the hospital, via ER, got admitted, after symptoms of stroke. She had all sorts of tests, lots of equipment hooked up to her, lots of doctors dropping by. She was in for 3 days, I think. She never got a bill for it! OK, great. Then my dad broke his hip, went to ER same hospital, got hip replacement. The hospital wanted him to stay there for 3 weeks. Medicare only pays for a certain amount of days, then my parents had to pay some portion (all?) of the bill. Then he had to go to rehab, and again, Medicare only paid up to x number of days there, no matter what the doctor says is needed. So they are having to pay a lot for the broken hip, but nothing for the stroke symptoms. Length of time in the hospital is the obvious difference here. Oh, and due to having a catheter in, with which he was able to walk with someone attending, my dad was required to take an ambulance from the hospital to the rehab (which was 1 minute away, and visible from the hospital). The bill for that was $750. Medicare paid $500 of it (your tax dollars at work!) and my parents were billed the other $250. There are even more gouging episodes I could relate about this, but it's just too depressing. They would have had to disobey the doctors' orders and check out of the hospital early to avoid being billed. I suppose the same things can happen with regular insurance too.