When you use Direct Debit through an authorized e-filer, they setup a scheduled payment in EFTPS for whatever date you specify. You cannot see the pending transaction in your own EFTPS account, but if you call the IRS EFTPS support line they can cancel it for you. I did this during the pandemic and natural disasters when tax due dates were moved after I'd already filed.
With Direct Debit, the bank info is not on your tax return and it never goes to the part of the IRS that processes tax returns. The EFTPS debit is a separate transaction from the e-file transmission.
If you get a refund, then Direct Deposit works differently. In that case the bank info is on your 1040 and it gets extracted from the e-file data and sent to Treasury as one of the final steps in processing the return.
With Direct Debit, the bank info is not on your tax return and it never goes to the part of the IRS that processes tax returns. The EFTPS debit is a separate transaction from the e-file transmission.
If you get a refund, then Direct Deposit works differently. In that case the bank info is on your 1040 and it gets extracted from the e-file data and sent to Treasury as one of the final steps in processing the return.