As others have said total return is all that matters. Putting aside when JEPQ was starting being the nasdaqs recent bottom I will just focus on the option exposure of the fund.
The right way to think about JEPQ is recognizing that selling options isn't generating "income" - it's actually selling a portion of your market exposure and giving the compensation for doing so back to you. When JEPQ sells a covered call with 0.3 delta against its holdings, they're effectively selling 30% of their position in those stocks. The premium received isn't extra income - it's payment for giving up that portion of market exposure. A rule of thumb is if options markets are efficient you should expect that call to be called away ~30% of the time. Presumably the fund has to buy in again potentially at higher stock prices higher once that happens reducing exposure to the underlying as a result, and that plus the systematic reduction in upside exposure and potential volatility mispricing is what leads to these and similar funds underperforming the underlying historically.
A simple example is if a stock moves from $100 to $110 during a the covered call period:
- With a short 0.3 delta call: You only capture $7 of that move (70% of $10) since you've sold away 30% of your upside exposure in exchange for the premium
This shows why the strategy doesn't create "income" - you're either selling away part of your exposure (calls) or taking on new exposure (puts). The premium received is simply compensation for these position changes, similar to how buying or selling stock changes your exposure. It's just a more complex way to adjust your position size rather than a source of true income like dividends or bond interest.
Not to get too complex but selling the call is only superior to selling a percentage of the position if volatility is mispriced in your favor. If implied volatility (what the market thinks will happen) is higher than realized volatility (what actually happens), selling the call will be more profitable than simply selling shares. This is because you got paid extra premium for that higher implied volatility, but the stock actually moved around less than the market expected. But if realized volatility ends up being higher than implied volatility, you would have been better off just selling the 30 shares. In this case, you didn't get paid enough premium to compensate for how much the stock actually moved.
We can only consume total returns, when looking at the total returns of JEPQ vs the QQQ since JEPQs inception it lags by 3% a year so far. Due to compounding that will add up if it continues.
Source of the screenshot is totalrealreturns[.]com. If you want to learn more about the intuition or math about options Kris Abdelmessih is a great resource.