Treating Investing Like a Business: My IPD (and Do You Have One?)

trukfixer

Dryer sheet wannabe
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Rural North Central PA
My second post here. As I mentioned in my “Hi, I Am…” intro, I’ve spent the last couple of years developing a full Investment Policy Document (IPD). I debated posting the whole thing directly, but nobody wants to scroll through 20 pages in a forum thread. So I put it in Google Docs with “anyone with the link” access. It’s mostly free of sensitive info, and it will always reflect my most current revision.

Link: Brian’s Income‑Focused Investment Policy Document (IPD)

A bit of background: I’m a former business owner, and anyone who’s built a business knows the value of a solid business plan. I used that same framework for investing — structure, rules, definitions, maintenance cycles, and a clear “why” behind every sleeve.

Part of the philosophy comes from the idea of multiple streams of income. Think of a restaurant owner with 5–6 locations. Each one might only throw off a modest return, but in aggregate the income becomes meaningful. I applied that same logic to portfolio construction: many small, reliable income engines adding up to something substantial.

One note for context: my IPD references “sleeves” and definitions that tie into my physical 3‑ring binder system. I keep a paper sheet for each ticker in actual binder sleeves, and I mirror the same sleeve structure on Yahoo Finance for day‑to‑day tracking. (Yahoo is the only tracker I’ve found that can accumulate multi‑year dividends into a true total‑return figure.) The sleeve structure is similar to how an ETF manager organizes holdings — which is part of how this whole system evolved.

So I’m curious: does anyone else maintain an IPD or business‑plan‑style document for their portfolio? If so, I’d love to hear how you structure yours. And if you read mine, I’m open to thoughts or critique.

One final note: I actually use CoPilot to help me write these posts - I draft my posts in Copilot first to keep them focused — otherwise I tend to wander. Just mentioning that in case the writing style seems more polished than my usual brain‑dump.
 
I won't quibble with your philosophy though mine is more capital gains oriented. I guess, for me, the complexity and therefore required discipline would be a deal-breaker. I am impressed with your thoroughness. I didn't read everything, obviously.

I'm more of the "couch-potato" type investor. A few MFs that give significant diversification. Plenty of cash/cash like investments for stability/safety/back-up. Precious metals to (hopefully) provide negatively correlated balance to equities. Mind the taxes. Mix, stir, rinse, repeat. Check (maybe every quarter if things are volatile) every year if things are bullish in general. Take what I need, when I need it and relax and enjoy life. Full disclosure: I over-saved!

All the best to you. Please keep us posted in how it goes for you.
 
I was gonna say "yes, I call it an Investment Policy Statement (IPS)" but after looking at your IPD my statement is no where near as comprehensive. I need to monitor my IPS more regularly but honestly once I set it up, things seem to self regulate. It mostly consists of objectives, a target AA, rules for rebalancing and a distribution template. I do use the distribution template frequently. My needs are quite different than yours so Im not planning to get as detailed as you have. This topic is popular on Bogleheads. Who's Brian?
 
. Who's Brian?
Me. :) Yeah I was at Bogleheads too, but found that most , if not all, seem to be of the growth oriented opinions, while I am more of the "think like the ultra-rich with endowments and trusts under management" type of fund administrator - I.E. rather than have taxable income, just borrow against the assets and let income from the assets pay it off, thus little to no taxable income. Except mine are riskier, higher yielding assets (for now at least) rather than having to sell assets to realize the income. (which growth types have to do to get money out of their portfolios if it isn't paying enough in yields) If I had a few millions I could park it in a 20% growth with 2% yield and live off the income from yields, but I don't , so I had to plan around high yields to achieve that growth without selling assets to pull capital. So, I found this forum where it seems there's more folks that look to income oriented investing as opposed to growth investing...
 
... So, I found this forum where it seems there's more folks that look to income oriented investing as opposed to growth investing...
Yes, there are income oriented investors here, but a lot of Total Return investors as well.

I didn't try to read that IPD, but I think a lot of one's approach to investing in retirement depends on their financial details.
At age 76, I have more than sufficient retirement income without needing to draw from portfolio for routine expenses.
So I invest excess income into stock ETFs most months and are something over 95% stock funds across all of my accounts.

I had a rudimentary IPS back fifteen or more years ago but no longer do. I know what I'm doing nowadays, I think...
 
Wow! That looks like a nice hobby for you.

My investment philosophy is somewhat simpler: "Investing is boring. If you're not bored, you're not doing it right." At long last we are down to one mutual fund and some TIPS. Very relaxing and more money than we will ever need.

I have written two or three investment policy statements for nonprofits where I am on the investment committees. Not nearly as intense as this one, but very concentrated on the prohibited investment list that our hired managers must follow. With the exception of one ex-manager, that has worked out well.
 
My second post here. As I mentioned in my “Hi, I Am…” intro, I’ve spent the last couple of years developing a full Investment Policy Document (IPD). I debated posting the whole thing directly, but nobody wants to scroll through 20 pages in a forum thread. So I put it in Google Docs with “anyone with the link” access. It’s mostly free of sensitive info, and it will always reflect my most current revision.

Link: Brian’s Income‑Focused Investment Policy Document (IPD)

A bit of background: I’m a former business owner, and anyone who’s built a business knows the value of a solid business plan. I used that same framework for investing — structure, rules, definitions, maintenance cycles, and a clear “why” behind every sleeve.

Part of the philosophy comes from the idea of multiple streams of income. Think of a restaurant owner with 5–6 locations. Each one might only throw off a modest return, but in aggregate the income becomes meaningful. I applied that same logic to portfolio construction: many small, reliable income engines adding up to something substantial.

One note for context: my IPD references “sleeves” and definitions that tie into my physical 3‑ring binder system. I keep a paper sheet for each ticker in actual binder sleeves, and I mirror the same sleeve structure on Yahoo Finance for day‑to‑day tracking. (Yahoo is the only tracker I’ve found that can accumulate multi‑year dividends into a true total‑return figure.) The sleeve structure is similar to how an ETF manager organizes holdings — which is part of how this whole system evolved.

So I’m curious: does anyone else maintain an IPD or business‑plan‑style document for their portfolio? If so, I’d love to hear how you structure yours. And if you read mine, I’m open to thoughts or critique.

One final note: I actually use CoPilot to help me write these posts - I draft my posts in Copilot first to keep them focused — otherwise I tend to wander. Just mentioning that in case the writing style seems more polished than my usual brain‑dump.
No I don’t have a formal investment plan.

I believe unique circumstances, goals and dumb luck etc. have an equal influence on how things unfold leading to many successful plans as your personal unknowns appear.

That being said “my plan” was conceived on a restaurant napkin with help from a veteran investor who was one of 3 early mentors.

I framed it and check it out occasionally for a laugh that something that simple with my course changes when needed worked so well. He told me it was like steering a canoe.
 
TLDR but did skim. I think your hurdles are unrealistic.

If you had $1,000,000 to invest today and any investment must have an initial yield >=8%, a Sharpe Ratio >=0.5 and credit rating of BB+ or better, what would the portfolio look like? Provide an inventory of tickers and amounts, current yield, Sharpe Ratios, credit ratings and 5-year total returns for this hypothetical $1,000,000 portfolio. I think you are looking for a unicorn.

WADR, to expect an income oriented portfolio to yield >+8% and generate a total return of >=13% is unrealistic IME.
 
I'm more of the "couch-potato" type investor. A few MFs that give significant diversification. Plenty of cash/cash like investments for stability/safety/back-up. Precious metals to (hopefully) provide negatively correlated balance to equities. Mind the taxes. Mix, stir, rinse, repeat. Check (maybe every quarter if things are volatile) every year if things are bullish in general. Take what I need, when I need it and relax and enjoy life. Full disclosure: I over-saved!
Concur. Although I do check more frequently ... .just "because"
Bonds are hold to maturity. I NEVER trade them.
MF - just chug along. When divs spin off, they to into the VG cash account and when they accumulate enough, I buy something.
SO FAR in 17 years of retirement, we have "gone to the well" for cash only a few times. Even DW Molly's BMW was paid for cash out of monthly income.
 
At one point I thought you were building an income generating portfolio. Now you mention a portfolio to borrow against. IMHO these are two very different approaches even if there may be overlap.
 
At one point I thought you were building an income generating portfolio. Now you mention a portfolio to borrow against. IMHO these are two very different approaches even if there may be overlap.
They’re actually not conflicting at all — the borrowing piece is just an extension of the income strategy, not a replacement for it.

A real example:We have a second car with a loan on it. I originally took that loan out mainly to build credit history. It’s at 15% and the remaining balance is around $9K. We’re coming up on the one‑year mark, which is the point where the credit‑building benefit is basically “locked in.”

The plan now is to take a margin loan against the portfolio at ~11% and pay off the car loan. That does a few things at once:

  • Drops insurance costs — once the car is paid off, we can remove the expensive full‑coverage requirement and cut the insurance bill by $200–$300 a month.
  • Replaces 15% debt with cheaper money — and because the portfolio throws off over $700/month in dividends, the margin balance amortizes far faster than the car loan ever would.
  • Improves DTI — margin loans don’t show up on credit reports, so paying off the car loan gives a big boost to debt‑to‑income.
  • Keeps the portfolio intact — instead of selling assets and interrupting compounding, I’m essentially borrowing against my own capital and paying myself back.
Functionally, it’s a better deal than if I had bought the car for cash. The income sleeve keeps doing its job, and the margin sleeve simply lets me restructure liabilities more efficiently.

So the portfolio is still an income engine first and foremost — the ability to borrow against it is just one of the benefits of having a stable, diversified, cash‑flowing structure.
 
They’re actually not conflicting at all — the borrowing piece is just an extension of the income strategy, not a replacement for it.

A real example:We have a second car with a loan on it. I originally took that loan out mainly to build credit history. It’s at 15% and the remaining balance is around $9K. We’re coming up on the one‑year mark, which is the point where the credit‑building benefit is basically “locked in.”

The plan now is to take a margin loan against the portfolio at ~11% and pay off the car loan. That does a few things at once:

  • Drops insurance costs — once the car is paid off, we can remove the expensive full‑coverage requirement and cut the insurance bill by $200–$300 a month.
  • Replaces 15% debt with cheaper money — and because the portfolio throws off over $700/month in dividends, the margin balance amortizes far faster than the car loan ever would.
  • Improves DTI — margin loans don’t show up on credit reports, so paying off the car loan gives a big boost to debt‑to‑income.
  • Keeps the portfolio intact — instead of selling assets and interrupting compounding, I’m essentially borrowing against my own capital and paying myself back.
Functionally, it’s a better deal than if I had bought the car for cash. The income sleeve keeps doing its job, and the margin sleeve simply lets me restructure liabilities more efficiently.

So the portfolio is still an income engine first and foremost — the ability to borrow against it is just one of the benefits of having a stable, diversified, cash‑flowing structure.
I didn't mean to say they are in conflict. Just different. A lot of wealthy folks are not paying these loans off, their estate will do that. A 15% auto loan to build credit refinanced to 11% makes no sense to me. At all.
 
.....

A real example:We have a second car with a loan on it. I originally took that loan out mainly to build credit history. It’s at 15% and the remaining balance is around $9K. We’re coming up on the one‑year mark, which is the point where the credit‑building benefit is basically “locked in.”

.....
I find a 15% loan outrageously high.
A couple of credit cards paid off monthly creates a credit history, the "story" often told to get a loan is a sales pitch and totally unnecessary.
I haven't had a loan in 20 years, pay off my credit cards every month in full, and have a credit score over 800 all 20 years.

I can only think OP was charged 15% because OP's credit score is below 800.

A high credit score gives benefits of lower interest on loans, lower car and house insurance costs, and even better job opportunities (yes some employers look at credit history for applicants.), better rental approvals.
 
My IPD is:
Buy stock when a good deal in a good company.
Rarely buy an individual stock as risky.
Sell stock if wanting to raise cash when stock is near or at a high point.
Keep a few years worth of cash like things available to have cash available when stock market drops a lot for a few years.
 
One of your self-described core beliefs is "Reliable income compounds faster and more consistently than capital gains."

This seems to me to contradict one of my core beliefs: "There ain't no such thing as a free lunch."
 
I find a 15% loan outrageously high.
A couple of credit cards paid off monthly creates a credit history, the "story" often told to get a loan is a sales pitch and totally unnecessary.
I haven't had a loan in 20 years, pay off my credit cards every month in full, and have a credit score over 800 all 20 years.

I can only think OP was charged 15% because OP's credit score is below 800.

A high credit score gives benefits of lower interest on loans, lower car and house insurance costs, and even better job opportunities (yes some employers look at credit history for applicants.), better rental approvals.
I was expecting to hear more discussion on the reason and rate for this loan. OP listed their thoughts but it still feels like we don't have enough details and not sure how this factors into their IPD. 15% sounds more like a subprime rate. I just don't get it.
 
I do not have an IPD. I do not feel I need one. I invest based on broad principles that have served me over time, but also are somewhat dynamic, as I am always learning.

Yours seem to contain fair too many words to really be useful. It should not be like a cookbook.

I think you may feel that words create precision.

If you can't state the policy in a page or less I feel it is probably not really useful. But that is just my opinion.
 
I do not have an IPD. I do not feel I need one. I invest based on broad principles that have served me over time, but also are somewhat dynamic, as I am always learning.

Yours seem to contain fair too many words to really be useful. It should not be like a cookbook.

I think you may feel that words create precision.

If you can't state the policy in a page or less I feel it is probably not really useful. But that is just my opinion.
I agree with you.

I'm starting to put words to paper so that if I die in a fiery crash my wife has a reference point and instruction on what to do, and more importantly, why.
 
The IPD is impressive. I didn't write anything like that, but each quarter I would do a written recap of my holdings similar to what you might read from a mutual fund.
  • How the "fund" compared to the SP500
  • Sales - with the reason for each sale
  • Purchases - with the thoughts behind each
  • Gains and losses
  • Asset allocation
  • Concerns going forward
  • Dividend income

I stopped writing these after I retired. I simplified my holdings to mostly low cost ETFs and stopped trading.
 
So I’m curious: does anyone else maintain an IPD or business‑plan‑style document for their portfolio? If so, I’d love to hear how you structure yours. And if you read mine, I’m open to thoughts or critique.

Yes, but it's pretty simple:

1. Keep 3/4 of the amount of any large impending spend in cash.
2. Put the rest in VTSAX.

I have other similar documents relating to taxes and health which are more extensive.
 
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