Your journey to 100% non-taxable?

kgtest

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As of late, I have been striving to get all of our invested assets into non-taxable Roth, 529s and HSA. We've done a fairly decent job and have less than 20% of our invested assets in taxable accounts.

I am curious, for those that have largely non-taxable accounts, what did that journey look like?


DW inherited a Roth, but used the money to buy a couple cars throughout her life. We started contributing SOME to our Roth IRA in our late 20's, but I had only contributed to taxable IRA's until then. And we heavily contributed to 401k and 403b accounts, and occasionally traditional IRAs as well.

in 2017 (so 7 years back when 75% of our invested assets were taxable) we finally decided to see what Roth conversions were about. Roth contributions were great, but I always felt like I wanted to reduce the size of the tax torpedo in future earning years.

Businesses took off during COVID. Which meant I was BTD on the businesses, and generating some hefty losses.

So we decided to indulge in mega backdoor Roth conversions at favorable tax rates.

Now we are down to just the last taxable account that we actively contribute to (for now.) The plan would be to just go ahead and do an in-service conversion/rollover from IRA to Roth.

I believe, we can achieve AS close to 100% non-taxable then we ever will get to, December of 2026 If we split the in-service conversions between 2024 and 2025.

It was a frenzy of conversions, mainly because I would convert what I believed would amount to half of the total conversion right away on January 1st. Then, as our tax situations became more clear throughout Q2, I would convert 1/4 of the remainder. And as Q4 came to a head and our tax implications became more clear, I converted the rest of it.

This seemed to work out pretty well for us. I didn't have to worry too much about market timing. We had very low tax rates during the mega years, but we still did smaller conversions up to the higher brackets limits during our less favorable tax years.

Did I pay less tax overall? Time will tell, but to me...it doesn't matter. We've been getting 22% avg market returns on those conversions since 2017 now. The eaening potential outside the taxable brackets FAR exceeds any potential wash of future higher tax rates. We will not have high future tax rates, and the dirty deed of "conversions" is essentially done.

From 2025 to our ER dates in 2031 we just need to contribute everything to Roth instead of taxable's. AND IF we need to do a little taxable later in the game near retirement, I know those first few years we will have little to no tax liabilities so IF we needed to do more conversions on the new moneys, it wouldn't be a huge hit.

I feel like this was a mid-career balancing act on the high-wire when we run all the numbers and dial in our tax situation, but well worth the troubles.


Anyone else follow a similar plan or strategy? How did you get to 100% taxable.


The first time I realized that could actually be a thing is when I legit asked my Dr. FIL about RMD's and he said "we won't have RMDs." I thought, how the he!!?? How can a person not face RMDs. It resonated in another conversation when he made the point that "not all businesses are profitable. kgtest!"

I put 2 and 2 together, realized during the unprofitable years of his working career as a partner at his Dr practice, he was doing mega backdoor roth conversions.

Nobody flat out told me this is what you should be doing as a business owner when you suffer grand losses in a year. But I knew it was an opportunity.


My .02c maybe this post helps someone, maybe not.
 
Well as you say time will tell. 22% returns year after year is way above what I would expect.
You also had the opportunity costs with doing the conversion at x tax rate. Those monies would presumably have grown at 22% as well. I do know that when we get older, even if the numbers were a wash, that it would sure feel good every year to take out what you want and not owe anything at that point in time. It would probably make one easily forget the taxes paid up front. would also make budgeting easy knowing what you take out is what you want to spend each year.
 
Quite enviable position to be in. I did do a lot of Roth conversions before I started SS and RMDs. I actually converted every one of my existing tIRAs to Roths. But I still have a significant amount in my 401(k) and must take ever increasing RMDs (both due to age and good results in the past few years.) I also have several taxable accounts of one kind or another, so it adds up.

One thing to think about before converting everything to a Roth. Your taxes could be relatively low on that qualified money assuming your other income (such as pension and SS, etc.) are relatively low. So you don't really (always) need to convert the last little bit of qualified money to Roth.

Probably need to do some modeling to see what is best, tax wise.

It's too late for me. I'm stuck paying some serious taxes going forward - but a good, 1st world problem to have.

Good luck and keep us posted. Interesting topic!
 
would also make budgeting easy knowing what you take out is what you want to spend each year.
Here's the "funny part" (sorry, my term.) Once I have money in a Roth - I don't want to touch it!! I want it to grow unmolested by taxes. So I spend taxable and qualified money instead. If all my money were in Roths, I would be (wait for it) "poor" again as I'd have nothing to take from. :facepalm: :cool:

SOMEDAY, I need to start spending down my Roths as well as the other forms of savings. It's just "my thing" I suppose.
 
I feel compelled to ask, if someone is planning to ER...why? (question does someone who has zero plan to retire before 60).

If there's any chance you get lucky enough to retire earlier than 59.5 (or 55, IF your company allows that rule, many don't)...I have seen far too many folks come here with sizeable eggs ready to support a healthy retirement, asking "Um I'm 52 I have $4m, how can I get my money without heavy taxes and penalties and retire today?" (spoiler, they can't).

So, while a non-taxable investment plan is great for a bulk of one's assets, chasing every tax bracket at the expense of perhaps retiring on the schedule that is preferable might not be the best idea.
 
100% non taxable sounds good, but you probably want some tax deferred and tax advantaged (brokerage account etc.) monies. Why not have some available to use up the standard deductions? You can draw out a lot of money each year tax free keeping long-term capital gains below the 15% threshold.
 
The vast majority of our portfolio is in 457, 403b, 401k, and tIRA accounts. A little is in Roth accounts and taxable. The principal reason for that is we made too much money when we were working. Consequently, we were in a very high tax bracket, so we did everything we could to avoid those taxes. When we retired 5 years ago, we had very small Roth accounts, because we usually were not eligible to them. Fortunately, for one year back in 2008, when I switched jobs, we could put a few hundred dollars in a Roth, so we opened one for each of us and got the 5 year clock started. We have been Roth converting in the 22% bracket since since retirement (and paying the taxes out of taxable), but our portfolio is still heavily stacked toward the tax deferred accounts.

I have run the numbers several times, and determined that even converting up to the top of the 22% bracket we will never be able to empty our tax deferred accounts prior to RMDs kicking in, and that even if we don't convert, we won't go above the 22% until our late 80s, so the Roth conversion is essentially a wash.
 
The pre-55/pre-59.5 can be handled with a 72t. Or principal withdrawals from the Roth. There’s always a way to get to that money. The bigger concern is the tax hit due to RMDs. But I agree that if you plan to RE, you should have a plan and that probably should involve taxable accounts.

In my case, I have a negligible amount in taxable accounts and about 28/70 between Roth/HSA and tax deferred. Mega backdoor Roth has been my friend. My goal is to get as much into the Roth as possible before SS and RMDs.
 
What you plan seems unnecessary to me. The tax code allows for several ways to pay ZERO tax on otherwise taxable assets.
First you’ve got the standard deduction to exceed.
Then qualified dividends and LTCG pay 0 tax up to their level.
I’ve been retired for 6yrs, starting at age 52. Having a significant amount in taxable accounts allows for the early retirement without stealing from your deferred and tax free buckets early. You really want to hold that Roth as long as possible or practical.
I can understand limiting 401k contributions, but don’t shun taxable assets. They give you the most options.
 
We are 50-50 in taxable to IRA and don't have any ROTH IRA accounts. While we pay taxes on dividends and capital gains on our taxable accounts, I don't see it as a problem. It gives us much more flexibility from where we withdraw our money. We did not touch my husband's IRA until RMD age and only withdraw enough to meet RMD amount. However, I turned my IRA into fixed income deferred annuities which started paying when I turned 60. Because between my husband's SS and RMD and my annuities, they are insufficient to meet our expenses, and each year we are withdrawing another $60K to $100K from the taxable accounts. If not for the taxable accounts, our tax bill would be even higher if we have to pull from the IRA. Not that we have ROTH, but if we do, I would not want to withdraw from ROTH either because ROTH money would almost be "sacred". ")
 
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No reason to pay excessive taxes to Roth convert everything. I refuse to pay over 24% Federal tax for my Roth conversion.

Also, funds in my tIRA can be QCD'd to deserving charities free of tax. It would be dimwitted to pay tax on funds eventually going to charity...
 
The vast majority of our portfolio is in 457, 403b, 401k, and tIRA accounts. A little is in Roth accounts and taxable. The principal reason for that is we made too much money when we were working. Consequently, we were in a very high tax bracket, so we did everything we could to avoid those taxes. When we retired 5 years ago, we had very small Roth accounts, because we usually were not eligible to them. Fortunately, for one year back in 2008, when I switched jobs, we could put a few hundred dollars in a Roth, so we opened one for each of us and got the 5 year clock started. We have been Roth converting in the 22% bracket since since retirement (and paying the taxes out of taxable), but our portfolio is still heavily stacked toward the tax deferred accounts.

I have run the numbers several times, and determined that even converting up to the top of the 22% bracket we will never be able to empty our tax deferred accounts prior to RMDs kicking in, and that even if we don't convert, we won't go above the 22% until our late 80s, so the Roth conversion is essentially a wash.
This was pretty much our situation. At retirement (2017), we had about 5.5% of assets in Roths and HSAs; for much of our careers we were not eligible for Roth contributions, and once eligible, like Gumby, our marginal rate was too high to make them attractive (with the exception of 2 years of low income).

We did do nominal conversions several years before we retired to start the five year clock, but otherwise we were heavily tilted toward tax deferred. In retirement, however, we've been aggressive in converting to Roths--even going to the top of the 32% bracket up until this year (IRMAA...). We are now at 55% nontaxable.

No interest in achieving 100%, for reasons others have mentioned.
 
In my quest for a retirement at 55, (53 now) I realize that having more in taxable would be very helpful.

We have ~$250k, but another $250k or $500k would make "early" easier. Also paying for weddings and the trappings of kids launching.

I hope to let our Roth IRA grow. I am not willing to pay tax now just to pay tax. I hope to avoid some of it when our income is lower.

I see a lot of people converting too much and too fast.
 
No. The difference between Roth and tax deferred for me has always been the arbitrage between the relative rates of the present verses the predicted future rate. Last couple years I've made ~$40K conversions which keeps me just under IRMAA . My tIRA balance continues to grow the last couple years.

I will be paying taxes in the future on RMDs. Probably enough to push me past the first IRMAA tier as well. That's 7 years out though. I plan on my tIRA balance being my charitable part of my estate, so the left over balance won't ever get taxed anyway. I'm leaving my Roth and tIRA balances to family, so no tax on the remaining balances there. With step up basis and charitable bequeathing, death can be a great tax dodge. Too bad you have to croak to pull it off.

One important consideration while modelling Roth conversion planning is to evaluate what you keep after taxes, not the gross amount you pay in taxes. Paying taxes on RMDs probably will result in bigger amounts of taxes paid eventually verses converting today, but that doesn't mean conversion is optimal for you. Because of investment gains over time it's easily possible to both have a higher tax eventually paid but also more left for you post tax.
 
Our investments are Taxable Brokerage 70% / IRAs 15% / Roth 15%, we have been aggressively doing Roth Conversions at 24% marginal rate & will also do in 2025.

Depending on the Tax rules in 2026 I will revisit Roth conversions,

I often read to keep some remaining in IRAs for -
1. Costs of Nursing Home/Home Care for tax deducting beyond 7.5% of AGI
2. Qualified Charitable Donations
 
Barring an unforeseen change in circumstances, I do not anticipate us being tax free, although I have been doing Roth conversions. The conversions will decease if tax brackets increase, and again as we pull the trigger on SS.
 
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Barring an unforeseen change in circumstances, I do not anticipate us being tax free.
Tax-free in retirement is neither necessary nor desirable.
I pay over $30k per year in Federal income taxes, filing single, and have a goodly amount of funds left over after expenses.
Cheers...
 
Tax-free in retirement is neither necessary nor desirable.
I pay over $30k per year in Federal income taxes, filing single, and have a goodly amount of funds left over after expenses.
Cheers...
If my spouse dies on me first, my plan to avoid the 32% tax bracket is to disinherit a lump sum from his IRA so that the contingent beneficiary can pay taxes on inherited IRA, which between Fed and State taxes, will still be below my 32%. Because of that, I don't see a need to do ROTH conversion since we are already at 24% tax bracket.
 
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How does one disinherit lump sum from an IRA ??

I am curious to know
 
If my spouse dies on me first, my plan to avoid the 32% tax bracket is to disinherit lump sum from his IRA so that the contingent beneficiary can pay taxes on inherited IRA, which between Fed and State taxes, will still be below my 32%. Because of that, I don't see a need to do ROTH conversion since we are already at 24% tax bracket.
A most excellent Idea.
I'm close to the top of the 24% bracket myself and have no interest in paying even more...
 
We are over 90% tax advantaged - roughly half traditional and half Roth with very modest hsa and 529 positions.

I have always tried to max 401ks and IRAs when I could. Wife started doing so when she was about 30. Did some Roth conversions in late 90s when they allowed you to spread out the tax impact over 5 years. Did some other more modest conversions along the way and sometimes wife and I did 401k Roth option.

We are diligent savers - 20% give or take but not the super savers like some who say they save 30-40% - thus most of our saving went to tax advantaged. We will do modest Roth conversions when the opportunity presents itself but want to maintain some traditional down the road in case we are ever in a lower tax bracket.
 
How does one disinherit lump sum from an IRA ??

I am curious to know
If you are the primary beneficiary, you can disclaim any portion of the money and the rest will flow to the contingent beneficiaries. By disclaiming, you cannot specify who gets the money. The contingent beneficiaries will split the amount according to their percentages as specified. You only need to write to the brokerage firm that holds the money within 9 months when the person passes.
 
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100% tax free is not possible for me. Well, yes it is, but to achieve that goal would mean paying higher taxes on the way to it, and netting less income after achieving it. Not so good.
 

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