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A very smart thing to do.
It appears as if Buffett sold very long-dated puts on a handful of indexes. Which means he gets paid a premium up-front in exchange for the promise to sell the index to the option purchaser at fixed price 15-20 years in the future. So he gets paid today, for taking the risk that equity markets will be lower in 15-20 years. The beauty of this deal has several facets.
1) Developed equity markets very seldom have 15-20 year periods of negative returns. I'd view the fact that 3 out 4 contracts were non-US as mere diversification, rather than an indication Buffett has reservations about the US stock market. If he thought the US market was in trouble, he wouldn't be selling puts, he'd be buying them.
2) The nature of a put is that it will not get exercised until expiration. Therefore Buffett pockets his premium today and won't have to make good on the contract for another 15-20 years. He'll likely have to mark the position to market on a real-time basis (unless he can somehow qualify for hedge accounting, which would be an added benefit) but cash out the door will be minimal even if his position is under water.
3) Considering that no one else is offering index puts for anywhere near as long as 20 years, the premium Buffett is receiving is probably extreme relative to what an option pricing model would calculate.
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