New house was built in the Spring of 2019 (Central Texas). A lot of construction dust can get into the vent system, and the builder (actually the sales rep who effectively lived in one of the model houses 9a-6p most days) said to swap out the media filter (4" thick, MERV-10, Aprilaire) at least once in the first six months as that first filter deals with a lot of dust.
Builder and HVAC installer recommends a new filter every year, as that's what the filters are rated for. But they were telling us since the filters are rather pricey ($55-70 each), many homeowners in the area were taking them out and blowing off the dirt and dust and re-using them. Didn't sound wise to us. We upgraded to MERV-13 filters since we are retired and in the house a lot (little did we know what 2020 would turn into!).
Along with having three indoor-only cats, we install a new filter every six months. They've been fairly dirty when replaced, but I see little dust or dirt accumulating in the vent system where the filter is replaced. I also don't see any dust or hair accumulating on the out and return vents. The filter must be working.