Maybe I don't understand, but aren't there public sector jobs which may have a COLA pension and usually health care, but no SS eligibility?
Ha
Yes. Many state and local jobs include govt pensions and health care but members do not participate in SS. Most K - 12 teachers are an example.
The "COLA" varies considerably. One common formula is COLA of 3% max but less if actual inflation is less. So, actual infaltion = 5%, COLA = 3%. Or, actual inflation = 1.5%, COLA = 1.5%. I call these "partial COLA" as the participant will likely end up significantly behind inflation over a number of years.
Health care coverage varies too. In Illinois, a retired single teacher is paying over $300/mo. If he/she wishes to have a spouse covered, they pay a full, unsubsidized amount which right now is in the $900/mo range. So, it's nice that it's available, but it's not free.......
People covered by state or local govt pensions who do not participate in SS may have worked under SS before or during (teacher summer jobs) their public career. If they get 40 qtrs in, they do get SS, but at a reduced rate per WEP. They also do not qualify for spousal or survivor SS if 60% of their pension is greater than what the SS payment would be due to GPO.
DW worked under SS enough to qualify. But her SS will be less than $80/mo, not enough to meet her Medicare premium. So, she'll send them a check!
No complaints, as she also never paid in very much although did work enough qtrs to qualify.