I have watched/studied this for some years, and in general, companies are terrible when it comes to buying back their own shares. All too often, instead of using it as a mechanism to repurchase shares when they are very low and not pricing in potential future success, they do it when the shares are high in an attempt to artificially keep them high.
It's not until the nails are put in the coffin that folks do a post mortem and say "Hey, you know if they didn't spend all that money on the buybacks, they'd have a nice cash hoard that would have allowed them to survive longer and have a shot at restructuring". One which I like to point to is Aeropostale. These fools repurchased $1 billion worth of their own stock at an average price of $16.50...all done for cash, and the company was carrying no debt at the time. When the shares were at pennies and they were paying loan shark rates for money to keep the doors open, I'm sure they reconsidered how they'd really prefer to have that $1B back instead of having used it on share repurchases.
Another that exemplifies my point - Macy's...during 2015, they repurchased $2B worth of their shares at an average of about $60. Today the shares are at $37, having visited sub-$20 at this time last year. How many shares have been purchased this past year as they've slowly been recovering from that sub-$20 price? None.
In the case of GE, the $24B in share repurchases you point to in 2016 and 2017 could have been used for better purposes, like paying down some of their $115B debt, or some of their mounting pension liability (at $31B at the end of 2016).
https://money.cnn.com/2018/01/18/investing/ge-pension-immelt-breakup/index.html