I have several layers, or tiers, of money I use to pay for unexpected expenses. For the relatively small ones, meaning anything around $750 or less, I have already built that into the cash I keep at my local bank's checking account over and above the minimum needed to avoid monthly fees. If the unexpected expense rises above $750, I "may" have to tap into other less readily available sources. Because some of my usual expenses are "lumpier," such as semi-annual car insurance premiums or estimated income tax payments, I have to budget for them a month or two in advance, carrying forward budget surpluses in the earlier months to cover them. I still reinvest any excess monthly (and quarterly) dividends from my stock and bond funds. But if an unexpected expense (> $750) comes in just after I one of those reinvestments of excess dividends, I may have to sell some shares if I don't have any new, excess cash arriving soon. That has very rarely happened since I ERed in 2008. For larger, unexpected expenses, I will usually redeem shares of a bond mutual fund whose purpose is to cover these expenses (my second tier EF). This has happened a few times since I ERed in 2008.