You are discussing point #1. "Medicare Advantage "skims off" about 15% of the value of your annual Medicare benefit to fund "overhead, profit, and excessive executive compensation" The big chart in that point shows how excessive his compensation is.
In looking at a recent filing with the SEC
https://www.unitedhealthgroup.com/content/dam/UHG/PDF/investors/2021/UNH-Q4-2021-Form-10-K.pdf
On page 36, they list the customers for UnitedHealthcare. 13% are Medicare Advantage. This is further diluted in that UnitedHealthcare is only 77% of their business, based on revenue. So a small amount of his compensation (about 10%, maybe) comes from ripping off MA customers.
On page 35 they claim their revenues are $287 billion. Now, I believe that CEO compensation is too high but someone getting paid $34 million for a company that has revenue of $287 billion is in line.
OK, but is the compensation really $34 million? For 2021, I am seeing reports that the CEO made $18.4 million. So lets look at where the author in note 2 got his figure of $34.9 million. The article in note 2 computed compensation different that the rest of the world. To quote the author "The figures were calculated by using the actual realized gains of stock options and awards, instead of the estimated fair value of those options and awards that is more commonly reported. " So, if a CEO is given $1 million of stock and that stock appreciates to $5 million because of the good work of the CEO, the author is using the figure of $5 million. That may be a great way to do things, but it is not useful to have figures that don't compare with the standard.
So, the chart on compensation is wrong. And it is wrong to compare a CEO's compensation to a government employee. You should be comparing the CEO to say Tim Cook. Apple had revenues of $387 billion and Tim Cook made $98 million. The UHC CEO looks pretty good, eh?
I forgot to add that only a small portion of his total compensation is cash and benefits. Rest is stock options. And stock options don't cost MA customers any money, IMHO.