Call Screening, probably my favorite pure phone feature, is when someone calls you and you don't recognize the name/number. You tap on Call Screening and your phone generates a message to the caller asking them to explain why they are calling. While this is happening you can see it being transcribed live on your phone screen. You can also see the response by the caller on your screen and then you can decide whether or not you want to pick up the phone. The transcript of the call is saved on your phone should you want to go back and look at it. I haven't "answered" a call from an unknown number on my cell phone for 5 years. Apple just recently got this feature.
The app drawer, a feature on Android phones for 15 years, finally came to Apple in 2023!
Swipe typing was an Android feature in 2010. (Swipe typing is one finger tracing of the letters you are spelling when you type, essentially you are drawing a continuous line connecting the letters as you type.) Apple got it in 2019.
There are more but these are a few of my favorites. I'm sure Apple has done plenty of innovating and came out with features before Android but this seems to have been done in the very early days of smartphones. Lately, I'd say Android is the innovator.