I have the time so I can do this!
I am a 70 year old engineer who worked on very large and small internal combustion equipment and engines for close to 40 years. I also maintained my vehicles myself over that time period. I now work oilfield projects part time.
"Dealer recommendation? or Manufacturer recommendation?"
Dealer's are retailers and need the business...so they over sell....
whatever the owner's manual recommends, go with it....
Mileage? Months? Usage?... towing, stop and go, cold weather, dirt, dust, age of car.
Today's synthetic oils can handle all of the above.
Kind of oil:
In your 1932 Packard....30W Dino (non-synthetic)
In my 1965 Corvette (375 HP) - 10W 40 Pennzoil - Dino
In my 2006 Jetta Diesel - 5W 40 Mobil 1 full synthetic (or VW Spec 505.01)
In my DW's 2013 Hyundai Santa Fe Sport - 20W 40 full synthetic
Brand name, versus Walmart, versus recycled, versus synthetic.
Brands don't matter as much as the SAE certifications on the top of the can.
Additives?
No additives are necessary as the oil already has proper additives.
Does type of oil affect oil change frequency?
No, as long as you use the correct oil.
Filter change necessary? Do it yourself... Dealer.... Walmart.... Jiffy Lube etc...
Absolutely...either do it yourself or watch them closely.
Pay a disposal fee?
Used oil is sold for a fee to recyclers...
Is dipstick oil color an indicator?
No, oil in my diesel gets black 5 minutes after I change the oil (soot). What is bad is a brown burnish stain on the dipstick that would come from a situation where the oil was "cooked" past its lubrication life (commonly called the oil's TBN is used up. TBN in a oil analysis lab is short for the "additive package" abbreviation and when that's gone, the oil is just about finished)
Does the oil brand or price affect the qualities of the oil?
Nope...as long as you are comparing identical properties and SAE certifications.
Dealer add-ons? Inspections
Stay out of dealerships!!!...they have turned into
"stealerships". Find a competent independent shop and use them.
Sticker in the window... date or mileage for next change?
I put my info into a spreadsheet. My Dad used to keep a notebook in the glove compartment. You can write it on the back of your hand if you want
Rely on on board diagnostic center for oil change warning?
Only if it's calibrated to match the recommended interval in the owner's manual.
Know what the "W" stands for in 10W30?
"W" indicates an oil's viscosity at a given temperature.
Know SAE recommendation code? J, SN, S.... etc...
You just need to know what is in your owner's manual for SAE spec.
Some things to ponder:
... newer oils last longer because engine tolerances are tighter, metal surfaces stronger.
.....also, newer oils have improved additive packages - some oils for new cars are "Low ash" and formulated so that the emissions equipment is not damaged by the oil as it burns off and oil vapor is cycled through the EGR system.
...the 3000 mile recommendation goes back to the 1940's... still used by most oil change facilities.
Of course! and get your dog shots every year!
...the feared "engine failure" threat is ever hanging overhead... how many engine failures have you or anyone you know experienced in the last 20 years.
My step-daughter ran her 2000 Dodge PU oil of oil and seized the engine.
...in the 1950's as many as 5% to 10% of all cars on the road, had "smoking exhausts". when was the last time you saw one?
My old 2002 Dodge PU with 227,000 on it has a puff out the tailpipe at start up,
but I am sure the valve seals are gone. Otherwise, not many cars have worn rings and blow-by. Better materials and oils have made this possible.
All leads to the questions:
how much do you know about oil changes and oil?(too much)
how often do you change oil? (diesel - 10,000, Santa Fe - 7,500)
how much do you pay for a change (including filter)? (about $50 as I do it myself)
do it yourself? dealer? fast oil change? brother in law? (see above)
change because you are keeping the car? ... like who would know?
how about the time it takes out of your busy day, to get it done...
I change the oil to maintain my vehicles in top working order as they need t be reliable and around a long time. Oil changes take about 20 minutes if you have the tools and the oil/filter.