Free withdrawals does refer to lack of surrender charge. I am sure taxes will be due on interest but maybe someone can tell us if withdrawals consist of principal only or a combination. I’ve taken the 10% free withdrawal to buy a higher rate contract but it was IRA money. The details around withdrawal of interest is opaque. Currently the provider I am using reduced the free withdrawal to 5%. In addition to the hefty surrender charge many MYGAs assess a market value adjustment based on the difference between the contract rate and current rates
I posted a similar question on Bogleheads and Stinky (a MYGA guru) responded with the following:
"Any withdrawal from an accumulation annuity is treated as ordinary income first, then return of basis, for tax reporting purposes.
So a 10% partial withdrawal will be partially, and could be fully, reported as taxable income, depending on how much earnings have built up in the contract. And the insurance company will send a 1099, showing both the amount of the gross withdrawal and the taxable income.
If you’re withdrawing interest starting with the first month, then there is no interest buildup in the contract. And yes, the insurer will send a 1099."